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Article
Liberalising Network Infrastructure Services and the GATS
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Year: 2006 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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Abstract

This study reviews key issues in liberalising network infrastructure services ? including telecommunications, postal/courier, energy, water and sewage ? in the national and multilateral contexts. The economic and social significance of these services means that they are high on the list of development priorities in many countries. Enhanced trade and investment in network infrastructure services can help achieve these development goals. Liberalisation, however, is no easy task and requires sound regulation and effective institutions to address market failures and ensure public policy objectives. If appropriately designed, bound liberalisation under the GATS can contribute to the advancement of national objectives by improving investor?s confidence when countries decide to allow private sector participation in these services. The WTO services agreement can affect the regulatory conduct of governments in some areas of network infrastructure services, particularly when specific commitments are made. This is intensified by the fact that the GATS is a relatively young agreement and some of its provisions remain to be tested in practice. It is thus crucial to carefully examine its provisions and tailor-specific commitments to national policy objectives.

Keywords

Trade


Article
Managing Request-Offer Negotiations Under the GATS : The Case of Legal Services
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Year: 2004 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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Abstract

This study forms part of on-going OECD work on trade in services, in co-operation with UNCTAD, aimed at assisting WTO Members in managing request-offer negotiations under the GATS. The key objective is to help officials of WTO Members in both gaining a greater insight into the particular issues of importance in the legal services sector and how they might be approached in the negotiations. While only modest liberalisation of legal services trade was achieved during the Uruguay Round, the current negotiations offer the opportunity to achieve greater levels of liberalisation, which may lead to significant economic benefits to all countries. In addition, the peculiar characteristic of legal services is that the potential downsides stemming from liberalisation — both in terms of market failures to achieve social objectives and of the displacement of local suppliers — are likely to be less significant in these services.

Keywords

Trade


Article
Managing Request-Offer Negotiations under the GATS : The Case of Environmental Services
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Year: 2005 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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Abstract

This study forms part of on-going OECD work on trade in services, in co-operation with UNCTAD, aimed at assisting WTO Members in managing request-offer negotiations under the GATS. The key objective is to help officials of WTO Members in both gaining a greater insight into the particular issues of importance in the environmental services sector and how they might be approached in the negotiations. The current set of GATS negotiations offers WTO Members an opportunity to achieve greater levels of liberalisation of environmental services, which may lead to significant economic and environmental benefits for all countries. Nevertheless, liberalisation, particularly of environmental infrastructure services, must be appropriately designed and supported by a strong regulatory framework. Making commitments in these services thus raises questions in relation to their nature, although the flexibility provided for in the GATS can be used to schedule them to take account of their characteristics. Risks of market failure to achieve social objectives appear to be less significant for environmental non-infrastructure and support services.

Keywords

Trade


Article
Analysis of Subsidies for Services : The Case of Export Subsidies
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Year: 2008 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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Abstract

This study presents an exploratory analysis of export subsidies in the services field. It draws from a variety of sources in an effort to provide insights into the characteristics and use of these measures. The report, while not generating accurate measures of the extent and effects of export subsidies for services, provides evidence that these measures are used by many countries in the developed and developing worlds to support a wide range of services sectors. The analysis also indicates that broadly speaking the definitions contained in the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM) are relevant for services. The most important types of export support appear to be direct tax incentives, particularly profit tax exemptions or reductions. Based on the detailed analysis of export subsidies for services, the study then discusses some possible elements of a definition of these measures.

Keywords

Trade


Article
Organisation des negociations fondées sur le principe des "offres et requêtes" dans le cadre de l'AGCS : Le cas des services juridiques
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Year: 2004 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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Abstract

La présente étude fait partie du projet sur les échanges de services que l’OCDE mène en coopération avec la CNUCED en vue d’aider les Membres de l’OMC à organiser les négociations fondées sur le principe des « offres et requêtes » dans le cadre de l’AGCS. Elle a pour principal objectif de permettre aux responsables des Membres de l’OMC de mieux connaître les questions qui revêtent une importance particulière pour le secteur des services juridiques, ainsi que de savoir comment les aborder au cours des négociations. Si le Cycle d’Uruguay n’a permis d’obtenir qu’une libéralisation limitée des échanges de services juridiques, les négociations en cours offrent la possibilité de la faire progresser davantage, avec – à la clef - d’importants avantages économiques pour tous les pays. En outre, la caractéristique propre aux services juridiques est que les inconvénients pouvant découler de la libéralisation – tant en termes d’incapacité du marché à atteindre les objectifs sociaux que du point de vue du remplacement des fournisseurs locaux – seront vraisemblablement moindres dans ce secteur des services.

Keywords

Trade


Article
Organisation des négociations fondées sur le principe des "Offres et requêtes" dans le cadre de l'AGCS : Services environnementaux
Author:
Year: 2005 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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Abstract

La présente étude s’inscrit dans le cadre des travaux en cours à l’OCDE sur les échanges de services, qui sont réalisés en coopération avec la CNUCED et ont pour but d’aider les Membres de l’OMC à organiser les négociations fondées sur le principe des offres et requêtes dans le cadre de l’AGCS. Le principal objectif est d’aider les pays Membres de l’OMC à mieux appréhender les problèmes particuliers qui revêtent de l’importance dans le secteur des services environnementaux et à voir comment les aborder lors des négociations. Les négociations actuelles organisées dans le cadre de l’AGCS offrent aux Membres de l’OMC la possibilité d’atteindre des niveaux plus élevés de libéralisation des services environnementaux, ce qui pourrait procurer d’importants avantages économiques et environnementaux à tous les pays. Néanmoins, la libéralisation, en particulier celle des services environnementaux d’infrastructure, doit être conçue de façon appropriée et s’appuyer sur un cadre réglementaire solide. La prise d’engagements dans ces services soulève donc des questions quant à leur nature, même si la flexibilité prévue dans l’AGCS peut permettre d’établir des listes d’engagements en fonction de leurs caractéristiques. Les risques de défaillance du marché du point de vue de la réalisation d’objectifs sociaux paraissent moins importants pour les services ne touchant pas à l’infrastructure et les services de soutien dans le domaine de l’environnement.

Keywords

Trade


Article
Managing Request-Offer Negotiations Under the GATS : The Case of Legal Services
Author:
Year: 2004 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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Abstract

This study forms part of on-going OECD work on trade in services, in co-operation with UNCTAD, aimed at assisting WTO Members in managing request-offer negotiations under the GATS. The key objective is to help officials of WTO Members in both gaining a greater insight into the particular issues of importance in the legal services sector and how they might be approached in the negotiations. While only modest liberalisation of legal services trade was achieved during the Uruguay Round, the current negotiations offer the opportunity to achieve greater levels of liberalisation, which may lead to significant economic benefits to all countries. In addition, the peculiar characteristic of legal services is that the potential downsides stemming from liberalisation — both in terms of market failures to achieve social objectives and of the displacement of local suppliers — are likely to be less significant in these services.

Keywords

Trade


Article
Managing Request-Offer Negotiations under the GATS : The Case of Environmental Services
Author:
Year: 2005 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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Abstract

This study forms part of on-going OECD work on trade in services, in co-operation with UNCTAD, aimed at assisting WTO Members in managing request-offer negotiations under the GATS. The key objective is to help officials of WTO Members in both gaining a greater insight into the particular issues of importance in the environmental services sector and how they might be approached in the negotiations. The current set of GATS negotiations offers WTO Members an opportunity to achieve greater levels of liberalisation of environmental services, which may lead to significant economic and environmental benefits for all countries. Nevertheless, liberalisation, particularly of environmental infrastructure services, must be appropriately designed and supported by a strong regulatory framework. Making commitments in these services thus raises questions in relation to their nature, although the flexibility provided for in the GATS can be used to schedule them to take account of their characteristics. Risks of market failure to achieve social objectives appear to be less significant for environmental non-infrastructure and support services.

Keywords

Trade


Article
Liberalising Network Infrastructure Services and the GATS
Author:
Year: 2006 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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Abstract

This study reviews key issues in liberalising network infrastructure services ? including telecommunications, postal/courier, energy, water and sewage ? in the national and multilateral contexts. The economic and social significance of these services means that they are high on the list of development priorities in many countries. Enhanced trade and investment in network infrastructure services can help achieve these development goals. Liberalisation, however, is no easy task and requires sound regulation and effective institutions to address market failures and ensure public policy objectives. If appropriately designed, bound liberalisation under the GATS can contribute to the advancement of national objectives by improving investor?s confidence when countries decide to allow private sector participation in these services. The WTO services agreement can affect the regulatory conduct of governments in some areas of network infrastructure services, particularly when specific commitments are made. This is intensified by the fact that the GATS is a relatively young agreement and some of its provisions remain to be tested in practice. It is thus crucial to carefully examine its provisions and tailor-specific commitments to national policy objectives.

Keywords

Trade


Article
Organisation des négociations fondées sur le principe des "Offres et requêtes" dans le cadre de l'AGCS : Services environnementaux
Author:
Year: 2005 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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Abstract

La présente étude s’inscrit dans le cadre des travaux en cours à l’OCDE sur les échanges de services, qui sont réalisés en coopération avec la CNUCED et ont pour but d’aider les Membres de l’OMC à organiser les négociations fondées sur le principe des offres et requêtes dans le cadre de l’AGCS. Le principal objectif est d’aider les pays Membres de l’OMC à mieux appréhender les problèmes particuliers qui revêtent de l’importance dans le secteur des services environnementaux et à voir comment les aborder lors des négociations. Les négociations actuelles organisées dans le cadre de l’AGCS offrent aux Membres de l’OMC la possibilité d’atteindre des niveaux plus élevés de libéralisation des services environnementaux, ce qui pourrait procurer d’importants avantages économiques et environnementaux à tous les pays. Néanmoins, la libéralisation, en particulier celle des services environnementaux d’infrastructure, doit être conçue de façon appropriée et s’appuyer sur un cadre réglementaire solide. La prise d’engagements dans ces services soulève donc des questions quant à leur nature, même si la flexibilité prévue dans l’AGCS peut permettre d’établir des listes d’engagements en fonction de leurs caractéristiques. Les risques de défaillance du marché du point de vue de la réalisation d’objectifs sociaux paraissent moins importants pour les services ne touchant pas à l’infrastructure et les services de soutien dans le domaine de l’environnement.

Keywords

Trade

Listing 1 - 10 of 40 << page
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